Is so simple however the complexity of egypts geology , since geology is the core of geography , in other words the geography of the last edition of geology , it is the areal differentiation which was caused by geology .
Geology or geography , there is a great strong link binding geography with geology , some scientists say that geology is the inner side of geography , others say it is the core of geography , and geography is the result of geology .
So the result of this complicated formulation of egypts geology , Egypt has a very simple geographical appearance , which is clearly shown to all geographians beginners or even specialized , but this doesn’t deny or ignore the areal differentiation in some details in egypts geography , and this simple geography was transferred to the egyptians mentality about their imagination about cosmos and life .
There is also kind of symmetry appears on the nile valley and its natural landscape , so nilevally in all egypt is surrounded by 2 plateaus on its banks eastern and western , and its traditionally known about egypt that consists of river and desert , plus one seain the north and other on the east .
So after adding the third element of egypts geography is the sea , forming together with sea and river triade in a nice harmony of this traide ( river , desert , sea ) in a great structure in Egypt .
Egypt in country lies on the north-eastern corner of africa in shape of square each side of this square is nearly the same like the other ones with 1000 km long , the space of egypt is around 1 million square meter , it means egypt is 1/30 of africa by reviewing and analysing the geographical contents which formating the map of egypt , we will reveal very clear simplicity : on the north of egypt lies meditterian sea , on the est lies red sea with 2 gulfs surrounding and drawing half island of sinai , nearly in the middle of this map there is river nile which divide egypt into two desert , estern desert between red sea and river nile , and other desert “western desert “ lies between river nile and borders with libya . and now we will have in details each content of egyptian map.
The contents of Egypts geography
Mediterranean sea
Most people don’t know that the Mediterranean Sea is the biggest sea in the whole world with around 2.5 million square meter !!! it connected to Atlantic ocean or in more accurate words and more exact definition its a gulf from this ocean , was created through different long geological periods , and on the edges of this sea , appeared the most effective civilizations of the whole world in ancient time , middle ages , and the great powers of today , for example , on the south of this sea , was the Ancient Egyptian civilization , and close to them the phonically and more high the history of Syrians , Macedonian , Greeks , Romans , and most of cross expedition was sailing in this sea invading the Arab countries especially Jerusalem , and in addition to that
Eastern desert
The second biggest desert in Egypt with around 225 000 square meter , lies between river Nile and red sea , from manzala lake till the borders this Sudan around 1080 kilometre , and the wide of this desert between river Nile and red sea around 170 kilometre , the most important element in this desert is red sea mountains by the way some of scientists don’t agree with this description , because they consider it red sea hills , because of its modest height , even though comparison with the mountains in Sinai , and the height of Catherine mountain where is the highest point in Egypt 2632 above level surface, while the height of the highest point in this mountains less than the half height of Catherine mountains and behind these mountains there are some vallies , in this vallies there is not much any kind of wealth , this desert is the poorest desert in Egypt , lack of water , fertility , even not much minerals like in western desert of Sinai , on the borders of this city there are some touristic places like galala city , sokhna , hurghada , safaga , el qusier , marsa alam , etc .
In ancient times this these desert , were a lot of valley used as roads for caravans of camels for traders and people who are travelling from west africa to pilgrimage in saudi arabia through this desert , in last century there was a commercial port constructed in safaga , and this port with connected and bind to Nile valley through railway line in eastern , it was used to transfers goods from port to Nile valley and vice versa
Western desert
The main desert in egypt in western desert , which lies between river nile and the borders of libya , its 666 kilometer wide , and more than 1100 kilometer , this desert differs a lot than the other desert on the estern side of the nile , since the other one is desert of mountains and valleys , but this desert is desert of depressions and oasis , the deepest , a lot of depressions in this city , like natrun , fayoum , qattara , etc , and the deepest depression in this desert is 134 meter under sea surface . also the depressions of theses oasis , from north to south there are 4 oasis ( siwa , dakhla , kharga , farafra , paris ) , in addition to natural resources in this desert like rope , and a big variety of various hard stone , which were a main resource for ancient egyptian to built their temple and construct their statues and obelisks , and now still this desert playing a great role in exporting marble and granite out of egypt .
Nile valley
However the main element in creating and evaluation the ancient egyptian civilization , and even egypt itself , without river nile egypt would be a desert country with some oasis and with for sure a much less population ad position than now , river nile is the newest element of egyptian geography , to compare it with red sea , and meditterian sea .
However this newest element in egypts geography , the main element which created the the image of his country , character , history , civilization and culture , this river unified the egyptian nation since more than 7000 years ago , they settled in close to the nile planting and harvesting the crops from their fields observing nature of egypt and started the egyptian history .
Sinai peninsula
A very special place in egypt , with lots of odds features , political , geographical and historical , however it is not more than 6% from the whole surface of egypt .
In sinai there is one of the oldest klosters in the whole world cathrine closter , moses mountain , and other mountains in the middle of sinai , and on the shores of aqabas gulf , and suez guls , there is a lot tourist destinations , where one can enjoy snorkeling and diving in different places like sharm el sheikh , taba , dahab , ras mohamed
Suez canal
The most important water road in the whole world which was constructed in 1869 , and caused a great progress in handle of the whole word , since this canal binds 3 continents together : asia and europe through africa , after a lot of negotiations between french government and egyptian , the decree of implement this project had been approved during the reign of king said one of scuccors of king mohamed ali , and open during the reign of khedive ismail in 1869 .
The canal has a round 169 km long , connect mediterrian sea with red through to gulf of suez and around 30 % word traffic sail across suez canal .